Standards are published documents that set forth specifications and procedures designed to ensure the reliability of materials, products, and methods. From a manufacturer’s perspective, standards support and simplify the development and implementation of technologies by addressing a range of issues, including the establishment of clear and consistent material, mechanical and dimensional protocols that can be universally understood and adopted. From a purchaser’s perspective, the knowledge that standards have been applied in the manufacturing process – especially when assessing new products in unfamiliar markets – lends trust in a product’s functionality and compatibility by allowing for verification that certain technical specifications have been met and certain quality assurance and test methods applied.
The production of all NETZSCH instruments is based on the stipulations set forth in a variety of international standards, including DIN, ASTM, ISO and more.
A list of standards and their corresponding Thermal Analysis methods and instruments is outlined below:
| Standard | Description | Method(s) | Instrument(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM C177 | Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus | GHP | GHP 456 Titan® |
| ASTM C335 - 05ae1 | Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation | ||
| ASTM C518 | Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus | HFM | HFM 436 |
| ASTM C1363 - 05 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus | ||
| ASTM D696 | Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer | DIL | DIL 402 Expedis Select/Supreme |
| ASTM D3418 | Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM D3895 | Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC, (OIT) | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM D4065 | Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D4092 | Standard Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D4419 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM D4473 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Cure Behavior | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D4565 | Standard Test Methods for Physical and Environmental Performance Properties of Insulations and Jackets for Telecommunications Wire and Cable | DSC, (OIT) | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM D5023 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending) | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D5024 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D5026 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D5418 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam) | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D5470 - 06 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties of Thermally Conductive Electrical Insulation Materials | ||
| ASTM D5483 | Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Greases by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry | HP-DSC, SFI crucibles (OIT) | DSC 204 HP Phoenix® |
| ASTM D5885 | Standard Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High-Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry | HP-DSC (OIT) | DSC 204 HP Phoenix® |
| ASTM D6186 | Standard Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lubricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC) | HP-DSC, SFI crucibles (OIT) | DSC 204 HP Phoenix® |
| ASTM D6370 | Standard Test Method for Rubber—Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry (TGA) | TGA, STA | all NETZSCH TG models, all NETZSCH STA models |
| ASTM D6382 / D6382M | Standard Practice for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetry of Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane Material | TGA, STA, DMA | all NETZSCH TG models, all NETZSCH STA models, DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM D7028 | Standard Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM E228 | Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer | DIL, TMA | DIL 402 Expedis Select/Supreme, TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
| ASTM E831 | Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis | TMA | TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
| ASTM E537 | Standard Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | HP-DSC | DSC 204 HP Phoenix® |
| ASTM E793 | Standard Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM E794 | Standard Test Method for Melting And Crystallization Temperatures By Thermal Analysis | DSC, DTA | all NETZSCH DSC models, all NETZSCH STA models; exception for STA 449 F5: DTA only |
| ASTM E1131 | Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry | TGA, STA | all NETZSCH TG models and all NETZSCH STA models, using furnaces with an end-temperature of minimum 1.000 °C |
| ASTM E1225 - 04 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids by Means of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat Flow Technique | ||
| ASTM E1269 | Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM E1356 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models; for DSC 404 Pegasus models: only when using a low-temperature furnace |
| ASTM E1363 | Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers | TMA | TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
| ASTM E1461 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method | LFA | LFA 427, LFA 457 MicroFlash®, LFA 467 HyperFlash® |
| ASTM E1530 - 06 | Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance to Thermal Transmission of Materials by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique | ||
| ASTM E1545 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis | TMA | TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
| ASTM E1640 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM E1782 | Standard Test Method for Determining Vapor Pressure by Thermal Analysis | HP-DSC | DSC 204 HP Phoenix® |
| ASTM E1824 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method | TMA | TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
| ASTM E1858 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Oxidation Induction Time of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | HP-DSC, DSC (OIT) | Method B: DSC 204 HP Phoenix®, Method A: all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM E1867 | Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ASTM E1868 | Standard Test Methods for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry | TGA, STA | all NETZSCH TG models, all NETZSCH STA models |
| ASTM E1981 | Standard Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry | ARC | all NETZSCH ARC models, MMC 274 Nexus® using the ARC module |
| ASTM E2009 | Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | HP-DSC, DSC | Method B: DSC 204 HP Phoenix®, Method A and Mehtod C: all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM E2046 | Standard Test Method for Reaction Induction Time by Thermal Analysis | DSC, DTA, MMC | all NETZSCH DSC models, all NETZSCH STA models, MMC... |
| ASTM E2105 | Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR) | EGA | STA-FT-IR Coupling, TGA-FT-IR Coupling |
| ASTM E2550 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry | TGA, STA | all NETZSCH TG models, all NETZSCH STA models |
| ASTM E2602 | Standard Test Method for the Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC, STA | DSC 204 F1 Phoenix®, DSC 214 Polyma, DSC 3500 Sirius, DSC 404 F1 Pegasus®, STA 449 F1 Jupiter® |
| ASTM F433 -02(2009 | Standard Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gasket Materials | ||
| ASTM F2004 | Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| ASTM F2625 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Enthalpy of Fusion, Percent Crystallinity, and Melting Point of Ultra-High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene by Means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| Standard | Description | Method(s) | Instruments(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| DIN 51004 | Determination of Melting Temperatures of Crystalline Materials by Differential Thermal Analysis | DSC, DTA | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| DIN 51006 | Thermal analysis (TA) - Thermogravimetry (TG) - Principles | TGA, STA | all NETZSCH TG models, all NETZSCH STA models |
| DIN 51007 | Differential Thermal Analysis; Principles | DSC, DTA | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| DIN 51045 | Determination of the thermal expansion of solids - Part 1: Basic rules | DIL, TMA | all NETZSCH DIL models, TMA 402 F1/F3 Hyperion® |
DIN 65467 | Testing of Thermosetting Resin Systems With and Without Reinforcement - DSC Method | DSC | all NETZSCH DSC models |
| DIN EN 728 | Plastics Piping and Ducting Systems - Polyolefin Pipes and Fittings - Determination of Oxidation Induction Time | DTA, DSC (OIT) | all NETZSCH DSC models |
DIN EN 821-1 | Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Thermophysical properties - Part 1: Determination of thermal expansion | DIL | all NETZSCH DIL models |
| DIN EN 821-2 | Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics, thermo-physical properties - Part 2: Determination of thermal diffusity by the laser flash (or heat pulse) method | LFA | LFA 427, LFA 457 MicroFlash®, LFA 467 HyperFlash®® |
| DIN EN 821-3 | Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Thermo-physical properties - Part 3: Determination of specific heat capacity | DSC | Method B: all NETZSCH DSC models |
| DIN EN 1159-1 | Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Thermophysical properties - Part 1: Determination of thermal expansion | DIL, TMA | all NETZSCH DIL models, TMA 402 Hyperion® |
| DIN EN 1159-2 | Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites; Thermophysical properties - Part 2: Determination of thermal diffusivity | LFA | LFA 427, LFA 457 MicroFlash®, LFA 467 HyperFlash®® |
| DIN EN 1159-3 | Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites, thermophysical properties - Part 3: Determination of specific heat capacity | DSC | Method B: all NETZSCH DSC models |
| DIN EN 12664 | Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Dry and moist products with medium and low thermal resistance | HFM, GHP | HFM 436 Lambda, GHP 456 Titan® |
| DIN EN 12667 | Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium thermal resistance | HFM, GHP | HFM 436 Lambda, GHP 456 Titan® |
| DIN EN 12939 | Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Thick products of high and medium thermal resistance | HFM, GHP | HFM 436 Lambda, GHP 456 Titan® |
| DIN EN 13163 | Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made expanded polystyrene (EPS) products - Specification | HFM, GHP | HFM 436 Lambda, GHP 456 Titan® |
| Standard | Description | Method(s) | Instrument(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 6721 | Plastics -- Determination of dynamic mechanical properties -- Part 1: General principles | DMA | DMA 242 E Artemis |
| ISO 7111 | Plastics -- Thermogravimetry of polymers -- Temperature scanning method | TGA, STA | |
| ISO 8301 | Thermal insulation -- Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties -- Heat flow meter apparatus | HFM | HFM 436 Lambda |
| ISO 8302 | Thermal insulation -- Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties -- Guarded hot plate apparatus | GHP | GHP 456 Titan® |
| ISO 8894-1 (EN 993-14 | Determination of Thermal Conductivity; Hot-Wire Method (cross array;λ ≤ 1.5 W/mK) | ||
| ISO 8894-2 (EN 993-15) | Determination of Thermal Conductivity; Hot-Wire Method (cross array; λ ≤ 25 W/mK) | ||
| ISO 9924 | Rubber and rubber products -- Determination of the composition of vulcanizates and uncured compounds by thermogravimetry -- Part 1: Butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and terpolymer, isobutene-isoprene, isoprene and styrene-butadiene rubbers | TGA, STA | |
| ISO 11357 |
| DSC | |
| ISO 11358 | Plastics -- Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers -- Part 1: General principles | TGA, STA | |
| ISO 11359 | Plastics -- Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) -- Part 1: General principles | TMA | |
| ISO 11409 | Plastics -- Phenolic resins -- Determination of heats and temperatures of reaction by Differential Scanning Calorimetry | DSC | |
| ISO 22007 | Plastics -- Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity -- Part 2: Transient plane heat source (hot disc) method | LFA |